Maybe you’re right! I could be wrong, I was only repeating what I’ve heard second hand and read in blog posts. Looking at the code right now, there is a ray casting function called P_CheckSight() that is used for collision and enemy tests, but isn’t part of the core rendering algorithm. Carmack did say “I used the BSP tree for rendering things” but also that the basic rendering concept is “horizontal and vertical lines of constant Z”. It seems entirely possible that this engine is a sort of hybrid of the category we think of “ray casting”, that it’s not exactly what someone assumes when hearing that phrase, but also not entirely different either.